Lesson 3 - Black Holes

What is a black hole?
The "escape velocity

Loosely speaking, a black hole is a region of space that has so much mass concentrated in it that there is no way for a nearby object to escape its gravitational pull. Since our best theory of gravity at the moment is Einstein’s general theory of relativity, we have to delve into some results of this theory to understand black holes in detail, but let’s start of slow, by thinking about gravity under fairly simple circumstances.

Suppose that you are standing on the surface of a planet. You throw a rock straight up into the air. Assuming you don’t throw it too hard, it will rise for a while, but eventually the acceleration due to the planet’s gravity will make it start to fall down again. If you threw the rock hard enough, though, you could make it escape the planet’s gravity entirely. It would keep on rising forever. The speed with which you need to throw the rock in order that it just barely escapes the planet’s gravity is called the "escape velocity." As you would expect, the escape velocity depends on the mass of the planet: if the planet is extremely massive, then its gravity is very strong, and the escape velocity is high. A lighter planet would have a smaller escape velocity. […] Now imagine an object with such an enormous concentration of mass in such a small radius that its escape velocity was greater than the velocity of light. Then, since nothing can go faster than light, nothing can escape the object’s gravitational field. Even a beam of light would be pulled back by gravity and would be unable to escape.

Edited from Ted Bunn http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/BHfaq.html#q1

When a sufficiently massive star runs out of fuel,
it collapse into a black hole

[…] Researchers showed that when a sufficiently massive star runs out of fuel, it is unable to support itself against its own gravitational pull, and it should collapse into a black hole. […]. Near a black hole, this distortion of space is extremely severe and causes black holes to have some very strange properties.

[It has been hypothesized that a black hole would collapse to a single point, and at this point, called a SINGULARITY; the laws of physics do not apply.] In particular, a black hole has something called an ‘event horizon.’ This is a spherical surface that marks the boundary of the black hole. You can pass in through the horizon, but you can’t get back out. In fact, once you’ve crossed the horizon, you’re doomed to move inexorably closer and closer to the ‘singularity’ at the center of the black hole. You can think of the horizon as the place where the escape velocity equals the velocity of light. Outside of the horizon, the escape velocity is less than the speed of light, so if you fire your rockets hard enough, you can give yourself enough energy to get away. But if you find yourself inside the horizon, then no matter how powerful your rockets are, you can’t escape.

Edited from Ted Bunn http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/BHfaq.html#q1

What would happen to me if I fell into a black hole?

Let’s suppose that you get into your spaceship and point it straight towards the million-solar-mass black hole in the center of our galaxy. (Actually, there’s some debate about whether our galaxy contains a central black hole, but let’s assume it does for the moment.) Starting from a long way away from the black hole, you just turn off your rockets and coast in. What happens?
At first, you don’t feel any gravitational forces at all. Since you’re in free fall, every part of your body and your spaceship is being pulled in the same way, and so you feel weightless. (This is exactly the same thing that happens to astronauts in Earth orbit: even though both astronauts and space shuttle are being pulled by the Earth’s gravity, they don’t feel any gravitational force because everything is being pulled in exactly the same way.) As you get closer and closer to the center of the hole, though, you start to feel "tidal" gravitational forces. Imagine that your feet are closer to the center than your head. The gravitational pull gets stronger as you get closer to the center of the hole, so your feet feel a stronger pull than your head does. As a result you feel "stretched." (This force is called a tidal force because it is exactly like the forces that cause tides on earth.) These tidal forces get more and more intense as you get closer to the center, and eventually they will rip you apart.
[…] What do you see as you are falling in? Surprisingly, you don’t necessarily see anything particularly interesting. Images of faraway objects may be distorted in strange ways, since the black hole’s gravity bends light, but that’s about it. In particular, nothing special happens at the moment when you cross the horizon. Even after you’ve crossed the horizon, you can still see things on the outside: after all, the light from the things on the outside can still reach you. No one on the outside can see you, of course, since the light from you can’t escape past the horizon.

Edited from Ted Bunn http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/BHfaq.html#q1

What is a white hole?

The equations of general relativity have an interesting mathematical property: they are symmetric in time. That means that you can take any solution to the equations and imagine that time flows backwards rather than forwards, and you’ll get another valid solution to the equations. If you apply this rule to the solution that describes black holes, you get an object known as a white hole. Since a black hole is a region of space from which nothing can escape, the time-reversed version of a black hole is a region of space into which nothing can fall. In fact, just as a black hole can only suck things in, a white hole can only spit things out.
White holes are a perfectly valid mathematical solution to the equations of general relativity, but that doesn’t mean that they actually exist in nature. In fact, they almost certainly do not exist, since there’s no way to produce one. (Producing a white hole is just as impossible as destroying a black hole, since the two processes are time-reversals of each other.)

Edited from Ted Bunn http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/BHfaq.html#q1

What is a wormhole?

The interior of a charged or rotating black hole can "join up" with a corresponding white hole in such a way that you can fall into the black hole and pop out of the white hole.
This combination of black and white holes is called a wormhole.

So far, we have only considered ordinary "vanilla" [probably an allusion to that the commonly accepted shape of a black hole is a vanilla cookie] black holes. Specifically, we have been talking all along about black holes that are not rotating and have no electric charge. If we consider black holes that rotate and/or have charge, things get more complicated. In particular, it is possible to fall into such a black hole and not hit the singularity. In effect, the interior of a charged or rotating black hole can "join up" with a corresponding white hole in such a way that you can fall into the black hole and pop out of the white hole. This combination of black and white holes is called a wormhole.
The white hole may be somewhere very far away from the black hole; indeed, it may even be in a "different Universe" that is, a region of spacetime that, aside from the wormhole itself, is completely disconnected from our own region. A conveniently-located wormhole would therefore provide a convenient and rapid way to travel very large distances, or even to travel to another Universe. Maybe the exit to the wormhole would lie in the past, so that you could travel back in time by going through. […].

Edited from Ted Bunn http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/BHfaq.html#q1


 

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Black Hole Sound Waves
Sound waves 57 octaves lower than middle-C are rumbling away from a supermassive black hole in the Perseus cluster.

Sept. 9, 2003: Astronomers using NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory have found, for the first time, sound waves from a supermassive black hole. The "note" is the deepest ever detected from any object in our Universe. The tremendous amounts of energy carried by these sound waves may solve a longstanding problem in astrophysics.
The black hole resides in the Perseus cluster of galaxies located 250 million light years from Earth. In 2002, astronomers obtained a deep Chandra observation that shows ripples in the gas filling the cluster. These ripples are evidence for sound waves that have traveled hundreds of thousands of light years away from the cluster’s central black hole.

http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/03_releases/press_090903.html

The Perseus cluster of galaxies. Each fuzzy object is a galaxy. Unseen is a vast cloud of hot gas filling the cluster. Near the center of it all lies a supermassive black hole.
Earlier observations had revealed the prodigious amounts of light and heat created by black holes. "Now we have detected their sound, too," says Andrew Fabian of the Institute of Astronomy in Cambridge, England, and the leader of the study.
In musical terms, the pitch of the sound generated by the black hole translates into the note of B flat. But, a human would have no chance of hearing this cosmic performance because the note is 57 octaves lower than middle-C. For comparison, a typical piano contains only about seven octaves. At a frequency over a million billion times deeper than the limits of human hearing, this is the deepest note ever detected from an object in the Universe.
"The Perseus sound waves are much more than just an interesting form of black hole acoustics," says Steve Allen, also of the Institute of Astronomy and a co-investigator in the research. "These sound waves may be the key in figuring out how galaxy clusters, the largest structures in the Universe, grow." […]

http://chandra.harvard.edu/press/03_releases/press_090903.html

See also http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/blackhole_music_020409-1…

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Om

This syllable is the whole world.
Its further explanation is: The past, the present, the future everything is just the word Om. And whatever else that transcends threefold time that too,
is just the word Om.

Mandukya Upanisad


 

The root of creation is the word
Is vibration,

And the description of the root-sound
or basis-vibration, is
The sound of many waters
Amen, Amin or Om.

This sound is vibrating everywhere!

The law of resonance provides an effective way to come back in tune with the omnipresent Divine Om or Amen. Since Om or Amen is everywhere, it is also within us, if we then chant these mantras, we become more open to the omnipresent divine Om or Amen, making it more likely that it take over our vibrations meaning that we are in higher consciousness.


 

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Parallel Universe?

The bizarre nature of Einstein’s equations suggests that black holes should theoretically lead to parallel universes, i.e. one that is separate from our own. There may be many different ones of these, each slightly different to the one we are presently existing in. This however is still very much only a hypothetical situation.


Conclusion

Although black holes have never been seen as such, their effect on the surroundings is clear to see. Thus by a principle called Occam’s Razor, i.e. that ‘the explanation of any phenomenon that requires the fewest arbitrary assumptions is the most likely to be the correct one’, we assume that black holes exist, and continue to make their own individual mark in the universe we live in.

By Anne-Marie Cumberlidge, Keele University- 1997.

Everything you need to know about BLACK HOLES.
http://www.astro.keele.ac.uk/workx/blackholes/index3.html


 

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A wormhole is a connection between a white hole in one end
and a black hole in the other end.

We understand that a star is a wormhole on the outside a star is a white hole, in the center it is a black hole. A conclusion of this, if it is true that stars are wormholes, is that they are not separate entities floating in empty space, but rather that they are doorways into the multidimensional world that we live in.

Black holes and trauma?

Researchers showed that when a sufficiently massive star runs out of fuel, it is unable to support itself against its own gravitational pull, and it should collapse into a black hole.

What happens when you run out of fuel?

After a trauma many people feel like in a cardboard world, there is a wall between them and the rest of the world, things go on as usual around them, but they can’t connect.

"The power spot" or the "core" of the trauma The singularity Is that part of the trauma which is most important for the individual;

We have an in the long run inescapable strong gravitational pull towards the core of a trauma; it will determine our life again and again, until we have faced all aspects of it.

The "core" is the most important for the client to be able to contact, describe, and possible to work with.
The core may be hidden in "secondary issues", such as other people’s more or less insensitive reaction to the trauma and other more or less important issues.

Edited from Certificate in Counselling Trauma and Crisis counseling

Wormholes and the tunnel at birth?

The bizarre nature of Einstein’s equations suggest that black holes should theoretically lead to parallel universes, i.e. one that is separate from our own


 

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The Basal Perinatal Matrices as described by Stanislav Grof

The experience of being a victim of deeply unacceptable events [being stretched like when one is coming close to the singularity?] is very much a focus when re-living the Basal Perinatal Matrices.


Grof says: It seems as if there exists a condition of high biological and emotional excitement where all the extreme emotional qualities connect and reaches metaphysical dimensions.
When two or more individuals reach this universal melting pot of passions and drives, [for example during childbirth] they will be conditioned by the situation that caused them regardless of the role they played.

Stanislav Grof. Beyond the Brain.


Wormholes and the tunnel at death

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The bizarre nature of Einstein’s equations suggest that black holes should theoretically lead to parallel universes, i.e. one that is separate from our own


A person is dying, reaching the point with the greatest physical pain, he hears himself declared dead by the doctor. He begins to hear an unpleasant noise, a loud ringing or buzzing, and simultaneously he realizes he is moving fast through a long, dark tunnel.

Raymond Moody.Life after Life

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